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2020
´ë±¸½Ã Åä¾ç Áß ´ÙÀÌ¿Á½Å ¹× ´Ùȯ¹æÇâÁ·ÅºÈ­¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ºÐÆ÷Ư¼º ±èµ¿È¯ ±è»óÁ¶ ±è¿µ±³ ±è¼º¿ë ¿Á»ïº¹* ¿Á °ï ºÎ°æ´ëÇб³ Áö±¸È¯°æ°úÇкÎ, *´ë±¸±â´É´ëÇРȯ°æÈ­Çаú Distribution Characteristics of PCDDs/DFs and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil at Daegu City Dong-Hwan Kim, Sang-Jo Kim, Young-Kyo Kim, Sung-Yong Kim, Sam-Bok Ok* and Gon Ok Faculty of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu Daeyeon3-dong 599-1, Busan 608-737, Korea *Department of Environmental and Chemical Technology, Daegu Polytechnic Colleges, Seo-gu Pyeongri5-dong 1495, Daegu 703-721, Korea ABSTRACT Soil samples were collected at 9 sites in Daegu, Korea. Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including 6 PAHs (IARC probable and possible human carcinogens) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) were determined. The concentrations of total PAHs in this study ranged between 82.66 and 513.38 ng/g dry weight and 6 PAHs with 28.85 to 189.78 ng/g dry weight. Total and I-TEQ concentrations of PCDDs/DFs ranged from 121.55 to 1244.11 pg/g dry weight and from 1.08 to 17.25 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, respectively. The correlation between ¢²PAHs and ¢²PAHcarc appeared significant, and also was similar between ¢²PCDDs/DFs and I-TEQ. The distribution ratios of two or three ring PAHs with lower molecule weight were lower than those of four or more ring PAHs in all sites. OCDD of PCDDs homologues appeared the highest relative distribution and TeCDDs the second in all sites. In PCDFs, predominant homologue was TeCDFs and distribution ratios of PCDFs decreased with an increase in the number of chlorine substituents. However, the difference of distribution characteristics of PAHs and PCDDs/DFs at each site were confirmed by using HCA (hierarchical cluster analysis). Key words: PAHs, IARC, PCDDs/DFs, hierarchical cluster analysis 1. ¼­ ·Ð ±¹³»¡¤¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ȯ°æ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖÀÇ¿Í °ü½ÉÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ß´Þ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼®Åº¡¤¼®À¯ µîÀÇ È­¼®¿¬·á »ç¿ëÀÇ Áõ°¡¿Í ÇÔ²² ȯ°æ Áß ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ ¹èÃâÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÁöÀûµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù1-3. ƯÈ÷ Benzo[a]pyreneÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ´Ùȯ¹æÇâÁ·ÅºÈ­¼ö¼Ò(ÀÌÇÏ PAHs È­ÇÕ¹°)¿Í PCDDs/DFs´Â ¹ß¾Ï¼º°ú ¸¸¼ºµ¶¼ºÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ¿© »ýÅ°è¿Í ÀÎü¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´Â ³»ºÐºñ ±³¶õ¹°Áú, Áï ȯ°æÈ£¸£¸ó ¹°Áú·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù4,5. ÀÌµé ¹°ÁúÀº ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î »ý»êµÇ´Â ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¹ß»ý¿ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ °øÁ¤ ¶Ç´Â ¿¬¼Ò°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© ȯ°æ ÁßÀ¸·Î ¹èÃâµÈ´Ù. ȯ°æ ÁßÀ¸·Î ¹èÃâµÈ À̵é È­ÇÕ¹°Àº Àå°Å¸® ¼ö¼ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ À̵¿ÇÏ¸ç °­¿ì µî¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Ç¡¤½À½Ä ħÀû °úÁ¤(dry and wet deposition process)À» ÅëÇØ Åä¾çÀ̳ª ½Ä»ý, »ý¹° µîÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ¿© ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ÔÀ̻罽(food chain)ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°èÀÎ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô±îÁö À̵¿ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù6-8. PAHs È­ÇÕ¹°°ú PCDDs/DFsÀÇ È¯°æ Áß ´ë±â¿Í Åä¾çÀÇ »óÈ£°Åµ¿À» Á¶»çÇϱ⿡ ÀÖ¾î ±¹ÁöÀû ¿À¿°ÀÇ ÇöȲÀ» ÆľÇÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº À̵é È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÇ ´ë±â Áß ³óµµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϱ⿡ ¾Õ¼­ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ´ë±â ½Ã·áÀÇ Ã¤Ã븦 ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© Åä¾ç ½Ã·á¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ È¯°æ¿À¿° Æò°¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù9,10. µû¶ó¼­ º» ¿¬±¸´Â Áö¿ªÀû ȯ°æ¿À¿°¼öÁØÀ» Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁöÇ¥ÀÚ(indicator)ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Åä¾ç ½Ã·á¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´ë±¸½ÃÀÇ PAHs È­ÇÕ¹°°ú PCDDs/DFsÀÇ ³óµµ¼öÁØ°ú ºÐÆ÷Ư¼º¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. 2. ½ÇÇè ¹æ¹ý 2.1 ½Ã·áÀÇ Ã¤Ãë ½Ã·áÀÇ Ã¤Ãë´Â 1999³â 10¿ù ´ë±¸±¤¿ª½Ã ½Ã³»ÀÇ 9°³ ÁöÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ½Ã·áäÃëÁöÁ¡°ú äÃë³»¿ëÀº Fig. 1°ú Table 1¿¡ °¢°¢ ³ªÅ¸³»¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç Åä¾ç ½Ã·áÀÇ Ã¤Ãë´Â 30¡¿30¡¿5cmÀÇ Å©±â·Î ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. äÃëµÈ ½Ã·á´Â ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ È£ÀÏÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Â÷±¤À» ÇÑ ÈÄ ±ú²ýÇÑ ½Ã·á º¸°üÆÑ¿¡ ³Ö¾î ¹ÐºÀÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇè½Ç·Î ¿î¹Ý ÈÄ ºÐ¼® ½Ã±îÁö -20¡É¿¡ ³Ãµ¿ º¸°üÇÏ¿´´Ù. Fig. 1. Map of sampling sites in this study. Table 1. The sampling sites and the description of the area 2.2 ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ý °¢ ÁöÁ¡º°·Î äÃëÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇè½Ç·Î °¡Á®¿Â Åä¾ç ½Ã·á´Â ½Ç¿Â¿¡¼­ °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ³ª¹µÀÙ, µ¹¸ÍÀÌ µî Á¶´ë¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, Åä¾ç µ¢¾î¸®¸¦ ¸·ÀÚ»ç¹ß¿¡ ³Ö¾î Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ºÐ¼âÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í 250§­ Å©±âÀÇ Ã¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Åä¾çÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ±ÕÁúÈ­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾à 20gÀÇ ½Ã·á¸¦ Toluene 150§¢À¸·Î 6½Ã°£µ¿¾È ȯ·ù ÃßÃâ(reflux extraction)ÇÏ¿© ÇÊÅ͸µÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÃßÃâ¹°Àº ȸÀü Áõ