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NAA¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¼ÖÀÙ ºÐ¼® ¹× ȯ°æ¿À¿° ÃøÁ¤ À̱æ¿ë¡Ú¡¤À±À±¿­¡¤½É»ó±Ç¡¤¾ç¸í±Ç¡¤¼­¹ü°æ¡¤Á¤¿ë»ï* Çѱ¹ÁöÁúÀÚ¿ø¿¬±¸¿ø ȯ°æÁöÁú¿¬±¸ºÎ, *Çѱ¹¿øÀڷ¿¬±¸¼Ò Çϳª·ÎÀ̿뿬±¸´Ü Evaluation of Environmental Pollution with Pine Needles by NAA Kil Yong Lee¡Ú, Yoon Yeol Yoon, Sang Kwon Shim, Myung Kwon Yang, Bum Kyoung Seo, Yong Sam Chung* Environmental Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources(KIGAM), 30 Kajung-dong, Yusung-ku, Taejon 305-350, Korea *HANARO Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI), P.O. Box 105 Yusung, Taejon, 305-600, Korea Abstract NAA was applied to precision analysis of heavy metals in pine needles which is able to be sampled anywhere in Korea and the plant was also investigated to use as a biomonitor for environmental pollution monitoring. Only one year old pine needle was taken from three different places of urban, suburban and rural area with seasons. The pine needle sample was divided with two parts, and then one part was cleaned and the other was not. Under the environment of air and soil, the contamination level of analytes was investigated. Some elements such as As, Br, Ce, W, Zn have shown different characteristics with area, seasons and cleaning. It is found that pineneedle is available as a biomonitor. Key Words : pine needle, NAA, heavy metals, biomonitor, environmental pollution 1. ¼­ ·Ð ȯ°æ¿À¿°À» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ½Ã·á´Â Å©°Ô ¼öÁú, Åä¾ç, ´ë±âÀÇ ¼¼ Á¾·ù·Î ¿©°ÜÁ® ¿ÔÀ¸³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â À̵é·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â ½Ä¹°, µ¿¹°±îÁöµµ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ È¯°æ½Ã·á´Â Áö±¸»óÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹°ÁúÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¸ç ¼ººÐµµ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ À̵éÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â °íµµÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¼®±â¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. À̵é ȯ°æ ½Ã·á Áß ¼öÁú°ú Åä¾çÀº ¿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ýÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÈ­µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ë±â½Ã·á³ª »ýü½Ã·áµéÀÇ ºÐ¼®¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ±× ºÐ¼®¹ýÀÌ È®¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¸øÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¹°°ú Åä¾ç¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ½Ã·áÀÇ ¾çÀÌ Àû°í äÃë ¹× Àüó¸® °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. NAAÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ½Ã·á¸¦ ºñÆı«·Î ºÐ¼®ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í ºÐ¼®°¨µµ°¡ ÁÁ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¿Í¼­ ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ÀÌµé ½Ã·áÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ³Î¸® ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.1,2 ±¹Á¦¿øÀڷ±ⱸ(IAEA)¿¡¼­´Â ´ë±â ¹× »ýüȯ°æ½Ã·áÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡ NAA¸¦ ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î À̸¦ Àû±Ø ±ÇÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ NIST¿Í °°Àº Ç¥Áع°ÁúÀÇ Á¦Á¶±â°ü¿¡¼­µµ Ç¥Áع°Áú Á¦Á¶ ¹× °ËÁõ¿¡ NAA¸¦ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.3-5, 6-12 ½Ä¹°Ã¼´Â ¼öÁú, Åä¾ç, ´ë±â¿Í °°Àº 3´ë ȯ°æ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â 2Â÷ ȯ°æ½Ã·á¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ȯ°æÇÐÀûÀÎ ÁöÇ¥½Ã·á·Î ¼±ÅõDZâ À§Çؼ­´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ³ÐÀº Áö¿ª¿¡ °í·ç ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î Áö¿ª°£ ºñ±³°¡ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°í, äÃëÇϴµ¥ ±â¼úÀû ȤÀº °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦°¡ Àû¾î¾ß ÇÏ¸ç °èÀý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿µÇâÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·Çϴ ȯ°æÁöÇ¥½Ã·á(biomonitor)·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ´Â ½Ä¹°Ã¼´Â Moss, Lichen ¹× pine needle µîÀÌ´Ù.12-16 º» ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¸® ³ª¶óÀÇ ½ÇÁ¤¿¡ °¡Àå ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¼ÖÀÙÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ¿À¿°µµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Ŭ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøµÇ´Â 3°³ Áö¿ª(´ëµµ½Ã Áß¾Ó, µµ½Ã º¯µÎ¸®, º®Áö)À» äÃëÁö¿ªÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÏ°í ³â 4ȸ ½ÇÇèÇÏ¿© À§Ä¡ ¹× °èÀý¿¡ µû¸¥ º¯È­µµ ÇÔ²² Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½Ä¹°Ã¼´Â ¼­½ÄÁö Åä¾ç ¹× ¼öÁú ±×¸®°í ´ë±âÀÇ ÀÏÂ÷ ȯ°æ µî º¹ÇÕÀû ÀÎÀڵ鿡 ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸³ª, ºÎÀ§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ °¢°¢ÀÇ È¯°æÀÎÀÚ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ´Ù¸£°Ô ¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Ä¹°Ã¼¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­, ¼­½ÄÁöÀÇ È¯°æ¿À¿°À» Á¶»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ½Ä¹°Ã¼¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ È¯°æ¿À¿°Á¶»çÀÇ ±âÃÊÁ¶»ç¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©, ±¹³» ¾îµð¿¡³ª ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò³ª¹«¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Áö¿ª ¹× °èÀý¿¡ µû¶ó Á߱ݼÓÀÇ ¿À¿°Æ¯¼ºÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. µµ½ÉÁö¿Í ÁØ µµ½ÉÁö, ±×¸®°í ûÁ¤Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼¼ °÷¿¡¼­ ¿¬ 4ȸ 1³â»ý ¼ÖÀÙ¸¸À» äÃëÇÏ¿© 15Á¾ÀÇ ¿ø¼Òµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿ªº°, °èÀýº° ºÐÆ÷Ư¼ºÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, äÃëÇÑ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼ÖÀÙÀ» À̵îºÐÇÏ°í ±×Áß ÇÑ ºÎºÐ¸¸À» ¼¼Ã´ÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ´ë±âȯ°æ¿À¿°»óŸ¦ °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ø¼Ò³óµµÀÇ ÃøÁ¤Àº »ýü½Ã·áÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡ Àû¿ëÇϱâ ÁÁÀº Áß¼ºÀÚ¹æ»çÈ­ºÐ¼®¹ý(NAA, Neutron Activation Analysis)À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç17,18, ½Ã·áäÃë, Àüó¸® µîÀÇ ½ÇÇè°úÁ¤À» ÃÖÀûÈ­ÇÏ°í °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ 15Á¾ÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ȯ°æ¿À¿° Ư¼ºÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºÐ¼®°úÁ¤ÀÇ ÃÖÀûÈ­ ¹× °ËÁõÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©, ¼ÖÀ٠ǥÁع°(NIST SRM-1575)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ºÐ¼®°á°úÀÇ ºñ±³¿¡¼­ º¸Áõ °ª ¹× ±Ç°í °ª¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© 1